Under the new Medicare Prescription Bill (MMA) medical oncologists will be reimbursed for providing evaluation and management services, making referrals for diagnostic testing, radiation therapy, surgery and other procedures as necessary, and offer any other support needed to reduce patient morbidity and extend patient survival.
The fact that medical oncologists received no reimbursement for providing oral-dose therapy to patients had been the principal barrier to the availability of oral-dose protocol. The advent of oral agents ultimately means that medical oncology will need to change its identity, prior to the chemotherapy drug concession. Because oral-dose drugs hold the promise of being more selective, harming fewer normal cells, reducing side-effects and work to improve the quality of life for people with cancer, they will rightfully gain their appropriate share of the marketplace, again.
The new Medicare Bill offers patients benefits they did not have before, mainly some coverage for oral chemotherapy drugs. Since April of 2004, $200 million was available so that some Medicare cancer patients would have transitional coverage for these drugs, until the bill goes into full effect in 2006. Although some benefit was realized, more might have been achieved if the American Society of Clinical Oncology and other groups had lobbied as much for the oral chemotherapy drug issue as they did for office-practice expense reimbursement. They fought long and hard to retain the Chemotherapy Drug Concession.
Increasingly, oral-dose anti-cancer drugs are found to treat cancer effectively and seen as a necessary part of a patient's cancer care. A number of these breakthrough cancer drugs came on to the market that are only in oral form and previously not reimbursed under Medicare. Patients were being forced to compromise their cancer care due to Medicare not covering many of these life-saving therapies.
The new legislation started the process of providing access to a full range of the latest cancer-related prescription drugs at manageable costs to enhance the quality and standard of treatment for cancer. Medicare recipients were being relagated to treating their diseases with older, more toxic infusional chemotherapy agents at a time when new and more promising cancer drugs were reaching the market.
Compared to infusional therapy, oral-dose anti-cancer drugs can make receiving cancer treatment more convenient for patients by allowing flexibility in taking medication without disrupting work or other activities. They can often result in less time (or no time) spent in office-based oncology practices because of the absence of intravenous administration and its related side-effects.
Targeted cancer therapies will give doctors a better way to tailor cancer treatment. There are a multiple of different cancer drug regimens, all of which have approximately the same probability of working. Treatments may be individualized based on the unique set of molecular targets produced by the patient's tumor, and these important treatment advances will require individualizing treatment based on testing the individual properties of each patient's cancer.
What was needed, was to remove the profit incentive from the choice of cancer treatments, which were financial incentives for infusion therapy over oral therapy or non-chemotherapy, and financial incentives for choosing some drugs over others. Patients should receive what is best for them and not what is best for their oncologists.
The new system is clearly an improvement from the standpoint of cancer patients, taxpayers, and advocates of basing drug selection on individual tumor biology, rather than on a least common denominator approach which invites "conflict-of-interest medical decision-making."
It is time to set aside empiric one-size-fits-all treatment in favor of recognizing that many forms of cancer represent heterogenous diseases, where the tumors of different patients have different responses to chemotherapy. It requires individualized treatment based on testing the individual properties of each patient's cancer.
Educational efforts regarding the various issues related to chemotherapy pills versus chemotherapy infusions are very important and are usually not well understood by cancer patients.