I'm assuming by a rectal examination you mean that the doctor did a digital rectal exam. Remember, if that is what the doctor did, he/she didn't feel anything as far as his/her finger could reach - which certainly isn't that far up for most people. Tumors/masses or polyps are oftentimes out of reach of the DRE (digital rectal exam). Also, please keep in mind that unless the tumor is large and not fixed, it could easily be missed with the DRE as the only test. A CT with contrast "may" give some more answers, however, if there is a tumor (and not all tumors are necessarily malignant) in either the rectum or the colon, unless it is quite large, a CT won't show it. I'm guessing from your vocabularly that you aren't from the USA or Canada. Guessing here but either England or possibly Australia??? I don't know what the protocol is but, with your symptoms, you really should have a full colonoscopy. Don't settle for a sigmoidoscopy either. That particular test doesn't go all the way through the entire bowel. Do you have any family history of colorectal cancer?? Do you have any family history of colorectal polyps?? These two questions are very important. If ANY blood relative (mom, dad, brother, sister, grandmother/father, aunt, uncle) has had colorectal cancer make sure to TELL THE DOCTOR. That should send up a red flag to him/her and make ordering a colonoscopy a necessity. Oftentimes medical professionals don't want to order a colonoscopy on patients younger than 50 which is just ridiculous, UNLESS there is a family history or either colorectal cancer and/or colorectal polyps (either benign or precancerous).
Ordering these two tests doesn't necessarily mean that he suspects cancer. Unfortunately, neither one of these tests will adequately tell the doctor if you have, for example, Crohn's disease, diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis, etc. He is probably looking for other things to rule out and will proceed with more testing if nothing shows up. Remember that a CT scan will generally NOT show colon or rectal tumors unless they are quite large.
Jaynee