Hepatocellular carcinoma accounts for over eighty percent of primary liver cancers. It affects men twice as often as women and usually presents after age fifty.
Exact causes for hepatocellular carcinoma are unknown, but chronic hepatitis infections and cirrhosis are known factors. Cirrhosis has been linked to eighty percent of all hepatocellular carcinoma cases.
Primary liver cancers occur if the cells originate in the liver. This is a relatively rare occurrence. More often, cancerous cells from other body parts invade through metastasis, resulting in metastatic liver cancer.
For many people, medical treatment for liver cancer is aimed at extending life, controlling symptoms and possibly shrinking the tumor enough to risk surgery. The majority of cases, however, are incurable.
The prognosis depends on how early the tumor is detected. If the tumor is small, surgical removal may be an option. Risks associated with surgery include infection and blood loss resulting in anemia. Only ten to twenty percent of all hepatocellular carcinoma surgeries succeed in removing cancerous tissue entirely. If the surgery is not successful, the disease is often fatal within three to six months. Liver metastases are equally difficult to treat.